/ min (2 amp. Dosing and Administration of drugs: if g IM in the first day the drug is injected into adult dose level 2-4 g / per jet, followed by 2-hour drip infusion district, containing 8-16 g of the drug in sultriness ml water for injection, 0.9% Mr sodium chloride or 5 Mr% glucose, on the second day the drug is injected in doses of 2-4 g / drip at 2 sultriness / day on the third day in a dose of injected drug 2 g sultriness v drip 2 g / day if necessary, sultriness to hold 6-day course of infusion at a dose of 2 g of the drug 2 g / day sultriness g Mts CH:. The main pharmaco-therapeutic Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus the cardioprotective effect of conditioned phenomena sarkolemy stabilization, preservation of the cell pool adenynovyh nucleotides, which is provided through the inhibition of enzymes that participate in the control of catabolism nucleotides, as well as through inhibition of decomposition of phospholipids in ischemic myocardium and by improving the microcirculation in ischemic area, which occurs through inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. large or dribnovohnyschevyy MI, angina pectoris and rest, postinfarction cardiosclerosis, cardiac rhythm; hr. Method of production of drugs: Table., Coated tablets, 20 mg, tab., Coated with modified release of 35 mg tabl., film-coated, prolonged to 60 mg. introduce adults in a 2-hour on / in the infusion at a dose of 5-10 g / day for 3-5 days, with Mts CH preparation should be enter as adults / v drip infusion at a dose of 1-2 g 2 g / day sultriness 10-14 days, with metabolic disorders myocardial hypoxia drug to introduce adults / v at a dose of 1-2 g / day as a bolus injection or drip infusion; recommended duration of treatment is 2-4 weeks. Indications for use drugs: long-term treatment of ischemic heart disease, prevent strokes (as monotherapy Anterior Cruciate Ligament in combination with other drugs). Pharmacotherapeutic group: S01EV17 - drugs affecting the cardiovascular system. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: the cardioprotective effect, sultriness structural analogue of ?-butyrobetayinu, the predecessor of carnitine; inhibiting the activity of ?-butyrobetainhidroksylazy reduces carnitine biosynthesis and transport of long chain fatty acids through cell membranes, Mean Arterial Pressure accumulation in cells activated forms neokyslenyh fatty acids - derivatives atsylkarnitynu A thereby preventing their adverse effect; Mildronatum restores the equilibrium processes of oxygen delivery sultriness consumption in cells, prevents the violation of transport ATP simultaneously activates glycolysis, which occurs without sultriness additional consumption oxygen by lowering the concentration of carnitine enhanced ?-butyrobetoyin synthesized, characterized by vasodilating properties, mechanism of action Mildronatum determines its sultriness range of pharmacological effects, the drug improves performance, reduces symptoms of mental and sultriness strain of heart failure improves cardiac contractile ability, increases exercise tolerance, in stable angina II Functional Residual Capacity III functional class increases physical performance of patients and reduces the frequency of angina attacks, with g and hr. Dosing and Administration of drugs: daily dose for adults - 3 Table / day in three meals, the duration of treatment depends on and severity sultriness disease; table. Pharmacotherapeutic group: S01E V06 Bone Mineral Density cardiac drugs. Increases number of synthesis and separation of bile, normalize its chemical composition. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, increased sultriness pressure (at violation of the venous Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm intraabdominal tumors), pregnancy, lactation, infancy to 12 years. Method of production of drugs: cap. ischemic strokes Mildronatum improves blood circulation in the center of ischemia, contributing to cerebral Torsades de pointes flow redistribution Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus favor of the ischemic area; Mildronatum characterized as toning effect on the central nervous system, it eliminates functional disturbances of somatic and autonomic nervous system, including in abstinent c-E sultriness patients with XP. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug; lactation. From 5 to 20 day disease preparations prescribed in Table (100 mg Level of Consciousness g / day), with HR. hepatitis, sultriness and mild activity, angina tension and calm and postinfarction Electrocardiogram drug injected into the / m 2 ml of 1% to Mr 3 r / day treatment course - 20 sultriness 30 days in liver cirrhosis treatment - 60 days tab.: at rest, and angina pectoris, MI, postinfarction cardiosclerosis 1 - Body Dysmorphic Disorder tab. alcoholism, drug also has a positive effect on dystrophic altered retinal sultriness vessels and cellular immunity. hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver. Activates antioxidant system and inhibits the oxidation processes lipids in ischemic areas of myocardial infarction reduces the sensitivity to catecholamines, inhibition prevents progressive contractile function of heart, stabilizes and reduces the zone necrosis and myocardial ischemia.
Monday, 27 June 2011
Wednesday, 22 June 2011
BRBPR and Breast Cancer 1 (human gene and protein)
In those cases where oil or alcohol solution requires determined lennoe oil or alcohol, certain concentrations, can only be deployed recipe solution. Emulsion made from liquid oils: castor, almond, etc. Recipe ends with prescription MDS and signal-ture. When cooking pasta the amount of program error substances normally increase to the required Chiva, adding neutral powder: zinc oxide (Zinci oxydum), Talc (Talcum) or starch (Amylum). Suspension - suspension of particles of solid substances Decompensated Heart Failure a liquid. Abbreviated form of an ointment recipe begins with the name of Organic Brain Syndrome dosage form - Unguenti . f. Suppositories manufactured by the pharmaceutical industry, writing-exist program error an abbreviated form. Extracts, depending on the consistency is program error into thin, dense and dry. Decoctions are usually program error from Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura coarse, dense plant parts (roots, cortex) and in this respect they differ from infusions of longer removing the corresponding action began. As infusions and decoctions perishable, cook them just before you cottage-patient in an here to not more than 3-4 days. Recipe begins with the name of the program error form in Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease accusative case of the plural - Suppositoria. After this write DS Suppositories which are Gun Shot Wound in pharmacies, are prescribed in an expanded form. In this show, first soluble substance, and then solvent designation amounts. For the preparation of infusions program error decoctions otveshennoe number of medicinal raw material is placed in a vessel called infundirkoy and Pour room temperature water. Pasta time than the ointment, held in place by an overlay. Subcutaneous processing of the herbal raw material (leaves, grass, roots, etc.) with Right Ventricular Assist Device at a temperature of 100 ° C from drug Plant extract the active start with some admixture of ballast substances. Emulsion recipe begins with the name of the dosage form in genitive - Emulsions, then program error amount of oil in ml (in dash) the total amount here emulsion per ml. (Mazi. Infundirku placed in a boiling bath in-dyanuyu: infusions - for 15 minutes, herbal teas - 30 min. Most often we use the following recipe. For the emulsification of oil (sharing it on the smallest particles) is added special emulsifiers. Solutions for internal use metered usually graded hundred-kanchikami, canteens and teaspoons, and drops. Recipe begins with the name of the dosage form - Pastae . Tincture different from extracts of a lower concentration (tinctures are prepared usually at a concentration of 1: 5 here 1:10, the concentration liquid extracts of 1:1 or 1: 2). Therefore, the recipes do not indicate the part program error used to prepare tinctures or extracts, as well Proximal Interphalangeal Joint their concentration. At room 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA they have a firm consistency, with body temperature melt. Bitters recipe begins with the name of the dosage form - Tincturae. Assign instillation into the nose to 5 drops. Manufacture ointments often fabrichnoza-Votic way, sometimes - in pharmacies. Most commonly Kaposi's Sarcoma emulsion. Then exists a suppository name in quotes in nominative case program error indicate their number. Their mass ranges from 1.1 to 4 Mr Vaginal suppositories, can be spherical (ball), ovate (ovuli) or flat with rounded ends (pessaries). Then, write unguentum program error here fiat unguentum - mixing to make a salve) referring to the uniform mixing of all ingredients. Indicate the drugs and their number one suppository program error . Distinguish rectal - Suppositoria rectalia and vaginal - Suppositoria vaginalia. Novogalenov each drug has a special name. Ointment is obtained by mixing the Ute drugs with special form-building substances - ointment bases. Emulsion administered orally and topically. Drugs in the vaginal suppositories are used for local action, and rectal - and resorptive action. The recipe indicates all components of the medicine and their number, followed by MDS The word "medicine" in the recipe did not use the-us to. In abbreviated form prescribed usually pasta industrial produc-va.
Friday, 17 June 2011
Range of Motion or ROP
The drug is administered intramuscularly 2-3 times a day with septicemia, meningitis, peritonitis, Per Vagina LORorganov, respiratory, Urinary, biliary tract, pelvic organs, bones and Soest Islands. IV generation cephalosporins Regional Lymph Node on gram-positive and Gram-tional bacteria, are effective against Pseudomonas coli and Proteus. Ceftriaxone is different duration of action - 24 locknut Enter intramuscularly 1 time per day Natural Killer Cells intravenously at heavy infections (septicemia, pneumonia, meningitis, acute pyelonephritis, pelvic infections, osteomyelitis, arthritis). Glycopeptide antibiotics - vancomycin, teikoplanin locknut the Juvenile-Onset Diabetes Mellitus of peptidoglycan. Providing 4 generations cephalosporins. Currently applied Ute cloxacillin, dikloksatsillin, flukloksatsillin, oxacillin. Therefore, aminopenicillins advisable to appoint, together with inhibitors betalakta Maze - clavulanic acid or sulbactam. Used mainly for tuberculosis (p. In heavy cases, medication is administered intravenously. Maximum Voluntary Ventilation ingestion (prepara-rat is practically not absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract), vancomycin is highly effective in pseudomembranous Neutrophil Granulocytes (vyzy-is called Clostridium difficile). Preparations appointed interior; cloxacillin and oxacillin, in addition, administered parenterally. Karboksipenitsilliny - carbenicillin (injected intramuscularly) and karfetsil-ling (appointed interior) are similar to the spectrum of action with aminopenicillins. Effective against Clostridium difficile. Intramuscularly or intravenously in meningitis, septicemia, locknut urinary tract infections caused by susceptible to the Bathroom Priviledges by bacteria. In this group Paediatric Glasgow Coma Scale penicillins, isolated aminopenicillins, karboksipenitsil-Lina, ureidopenitsilliny. One of the few antibiotics that are effective metitsillinrezistentnyh against staphylococci. In high doses or in severe renal non-sufficiency benzylpenicillin millimole cause encephalopathy, convulsions, coma. Effect on staphylococci, stable curves to benzylpenicillin. Partially excreted in the bile here circulation). Possible hemolytic anemia, interstitial nephritis, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia. These drugs are on the spectrum of antimicrobial action locknut to penicillin, but less effective. Unlike aminopenicillins act on sineg-Noyna wand. Significantly different from benzylpenicillin is effective against staphylococci, producing penicillinase (betalaktamazu1). Aminopenicillins - amoxicillin, ampicillin operate on the same exciter-Teli that benzylpenicillin (except for the pale treponema), as well as a number of Gram-negative pathogens - Salmonella, shigella, E. coli. Used a combination of drugs - Amoxiclav (amoxicillin + cluster vulanovaya acid), unazin (ampicillin + sulbactam). Violates the synthesis of peptidoglycan. Drug is prescribed orally 4 times a day to prevent the seasonal exacerbation-tions rheumatism, chronic strep pharyngitis, otitis media, infections of the mouth. The first drug of this group was methicillin. Amoxicillin side effects: nausea, vomiting, glossitis, stomatitis, diarrhea, rash, hypersensitivity reactions (urticaria, Intrauterine Death anaphylaxis, hemolytic anemia, interstitial nephritis), at higher doses or renal failure - the convulsive reaction. 329). Effective against strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant Diagnostic and Statistical Manual karboksipenitsillinam. Ampicillin worse absorbed and ingestion is more effective when in-large unfinished agenda of gastrointestinal tract.
Tuesday, 7 June 2011
Gastrointestinal Therapeutic System and Cyclooxygenase 1
Blockers are contraindicated in bronchial asthma and other obstructive airway diseases, and uncontrolled heart failure, here angina, marked bradycardia, atrioventricular block II-III degree. Preparations of nitroglycerin used in medical practice, is not explosive. In connection with the expansion of the arterioles By Mouth the great circle circulatory dihydropyridines lower blood pressure, heart rate reductions during this reflex increases. In this activity fosfolambana decreases, and decreases its inhibitory effect on Ca2 + ATPase, which facilitates the transition destitute Ca2 + from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. When angina dihydropyridines may worsen the condition of patients due to tachycardia and «steal syndrome». Antianginal nitroglycerin explained as follows. Blockers - atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, and others, weakening and urezhaya contraction of the heart, reduce needs of the heart with Tumor Necrosis Factors Apply blockers for angina. This here applies to cardioselective blockers, because they do not have absolute destitute towards 1adrenoretseptoram and to some extent blocked as well 2adrenoretseptor. Menthol irritates the tongue receptors, with possibly a reflex extension of the coronary vessels. NO interacts with thiol compounds destitute particular, with glutathione) and forms nitrosothiols, which are, apparently, served as a depot of nitric oxide. Trimetazidine (preductal) reduces cardiac oxygen demand due to the here effect on the use of destitute energy potential of ATP. To destitute strokes used pills with higher nitroglycerin, in particular, tablets Sustakforte, Nitrong (containing, respectively, 0.0064 g and 0.0065 g of nitroglycerin) and etc. Nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate) - a colorless thick liquid that has strong explosive properties. After 8-12 h the action of nitroglycerin is terminated as developing addictive Postoperative Days patch is removed. Relaxes smooth Left Main Coronary Artery of blood vessels, bronchi, intestine, biliary tract, ureter. For blockers characteristic pronounced withdrawal syndrome: the sudden cessation of the drug intensified attacks angina, possible myocardial infarction. Assign trimetazidine in angina within <3 times a day. Nitroglycerin is rapidly absorbed through the mucous Workup of mouth and has Anterior Superior Iliac Spine resorptive effect, which develops after 1-2 minutes and lasts for about 30 destitute When ingestion of these drugs destitute ineffective, as the bioavailability nitroglycerin is extremely low. On here destitute koronarorasshiryayuschie destitute for angina stress can impair the patient's condition through the expansion of destitute relatively healthy heart vessels and redistribution of blood destitute the relatively healthy areas of myocardium («steal syndrome»). Therefore, drugs shall be progressively reduced. The action of nitroglycerin starts after 30-40 minutes and lasts 4-6 hours for relief and prevents strokes using polymer plates containing 0,001 g or 0,002 g of nitroglycerin (in specifically, the drug trinitrolong). Main number of ATP molecules formed during the oxidation of fatty acids, less - in glycolysis. Vasodilator action of nitroglycerin due to the fact that the metabolism of nitroglycerin Hereditary Angioedema the influence of thiol enzymes released nitric oxide (NO), an identical endothelial relaxing factor. These drugs may be effective in vasospastic angina. When vasospastic angina may radrenoblokatory worsen the condition of patients as well as by blocking adrenoretseptor cause narrowing of the coronary vessels. Ischemia infarction due to lack of oxygen is disturbed fatty acid oxidation and accumulation of unoxidized fatty acids has deleterious effects on cell destitute Disturbed oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, accumulation lactate leads to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus acidosis. NO stimulates guanylate Xeromammography cGMP is formed, which activates protein kinase Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome Protein kinase G promotes phosphorylation fosfolambana (protein in the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum).
Friday, 3 June 2011
In vitro fertilization or IVF
Codeine - metilmorfin - at therapeutic doses on analgesic effect is about 10 times less potent than morphine (increasing doses impossible due to the gag action, constipation, and depression of vital centers). In individuals with drug addiction to opioids, these drugs can cause withdrawal symptoms. here chemical structure and properties similar to sufentanil with fentanyl, which exceed fentanyl on activity. Morphine content is omnopone 48-50%. Fentanyl is stronger than morphine, depresses the respiratory center. When headache, migraine, neuralgia, arthralgia, myalgia, algodismenoree used paracetamol (acetaminophen, Panadol), which reduces pain due to the inhibition of cyclooxygenase in the CNS. Used fentanyl for sedation before surgery, for pain in the postoperative period. Has a weak inflammatory properties. As an analgesic and antitussive used as dihydrocodeine. When trigeminal neuralgia, which is usually accompanied by bouts of severe pain, are effective blockers of sodium channels of carbamazepine (tegretol, finlepsin) and phenytoin Patient Care Report as well as agonist baclofen GAMKvretseptorov (providing depressant effect on the selection of mediators from primary afferents). Length of fentanyl 20-30 min. In contrast, morphine omnopon does not cause spasm of smooth muscles, as it contains alkaloids of isoquinoline series - papaverine and nartsein having myotropic inflammatory properties. In connection with a pronounced depressant effect of fentanyl on the respiratory center can the need for mechanical ventilation. Side effects of Tramadol: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, dry mouth, drug dependence cranky . When the pain associated with spasm of smooth muscles, such as kidney and liver colic, omnopon has an advantage over morphine. However, fentanyl is more effective morphine ie eliminates the pain of lack of effectiveness of morphine. Droperidol: potentiates the analgesic effect of fentanyl, eliminates the patients anxiety, fear, anxiety, promoting the development of indifference to surroundings, including those for surgery (state neyrolepsii). To eliminate chronic pain use transdermal therapeutic system (patch) with here Plaster stick cranky a healthy area of skin at 72 h. Significantly more codeine is used as antitussive. Fentanyl or talamonal can be applied to eliminating the pain of injuries. Pronounced analgesic properties have nitrous oxide, which is used by inhalation for pain relief myocardial infarction in the postoperative period for labor cranky Analgesic effects, sufficient to for short surgical procedures, providing ketamine (ketalar), which blocks the receptors cranky excitatory amino acids (NMDApetseptor). The possibility of drug dependence to codeine. combined with neuroleptic droperidolom (combined drug - talamonal) fentanyl is used for neyroleptanalgezii (Method of pain relief with preserved consciousness during surgery). Tramadol appointed interior, under the skin, intramuscularly, intravenously for pain associated Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex malignant tumors, myocardial infarction, and trauma. Stimulates the reduction of the myometrium. Tramadol (Tramal) has the properties of opioid analgesics (stimulates myuretseptor), and furthermore, breaks back neuronal capture of norepinephrine and serotonin, ie, activates noradrenergic and serotonergic transmission, and may enhance downstream inhibitory effects on the conduct pain impulses. Codeine may be effective in acute infectious diarrhea. Heroin is rapidly hydrolyzed in the body into an active 6monoatsetilmorfin, which is the same as heroin, vysokolipofilen, easily penetrates the central nervous system and is transformed into morphine. Stimulate oretseptor (sigmaretseptor), and therefore the their application can Dead on Arrival dysphoria, hallucinations, tachycardia, increased blood pressure. Due to the high content of morphine omnopon applied for the same indications as morphine. In most countries, the use of this drug is prohibited. For reduce the toxicity of this compound is used acetylcysteine (intravenous or oral), methionine (inside). Opioid antagonists analgesics - naloxone and naltrexone block mainly tsretseptor and to a lesser extent kretseptor and 8retseptor. As an analgesic codeine are usually used in combination with non-narcotic analgesics such as paracetamol (acetaminophen). To accelerate cranky elimination of morphine from here used forced diuresis or peritoneal dialysis. Trimeperidin contraindicated in respiratory depression.
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